ABU SAYYAF AND BURNHAMS Torre, Ricky S. A matter of time? {The Abu Sayyaf chapter is about to be closed, or so goes the familiar assurance of the military.} Philippines Free Press 2001 December 29 12
ABU SAYYAF AND RANSOM Cagurangan, Mar-Vic. They bought their freedom? {Was ransom paid for some Abu Sayyaf victims in Lamitan, and did some top military officers connive with the bandits? Bits and pieces of testimony, but no hard evidence as yet.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 23 10
ABU SAYYAF AND TERRORISM Cagurangan, Mar-Vic. Who’s the real enemy? {It now appears that the Abu Sayyaf is but part of a bigger; violent movement to establish an Islamic homeland comprising Indonesia, Malaysia, and Southern Philippines.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 16 8
ABU SAYYAF AND US Torre, Ricky S. Exercises in futility. {All protests against the U.S. involvement in crushing the Abu Sayyaf are for naught- President Arroyo always gets her way.} Philippines Free Press 2002 February 16 8
ABU SAYYAF AND US Torre, Ricky S. Noise on the southern front. {Tough talk by US officials and the roar of American war engines in Basilan mark a dangerous phase in the hunt for the Abu Sayyaf.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 2 8
ABU SAYYAF AND US Torre, Ricky S. Patriot games. {The US military’s increasing role in the Abu Sayyaf crisis angers critics of various political persuasions.} Philippines Free Press 2002 February 2 2
AIDS A matter of time. {With support funds drying up and people getting careless, AIDS could soon become a major problem in the Philippines.} Philippines Free Press 2002 January 19 28
ARROYO, GLORIA MACAPAGAL Quezon, Manuel L., III. Filipino of the year. {She has true grit and determination, but more important, she represents the culmination of many cycles, the restoration of many things, the prospect of many changes, the possibility of stability after so much excitement and political ferment.} Philippines Free Press 2001 December 29 2
ARROYO GOVERNMENT Nuguid, Nati. Without the people. {President Arroyo celebrates her first year in office-without the groups that swept her into power.} Philippines Free Press 2002 February 2 6
ARROYO AND PLOTTERS Torre, Ricky S. The new termites. {Increasingly bold and noisy, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s enemies set up their campaign to topple her young government. Philippines Free Press 2002 January 19 2
BALIKATAN; MILITARY EXERICISES Cagurangan, Mar-Vic. Dangerous games. {The joint military exercises of Filipino and American soldiers proving to be just as risky and deadly as any real war.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 9 10
BALIKATAN; MILITARY EXERCISES Cagurangan, Mar-Vic. A second front. {The United States wants to send more troops to the Philippines ‘to do civic work. Critics, however, think the US soldiers will be here for the next phase of America’s war on terror.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 30 6
BALIKATAN; WAR GAMES Santos, Ronaldo T. Issues of the day. {The chief of the House Committee on foreign relations puts the war games in the context of recent history and Joseph Estrada’s tantrums in the theater.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 23 12
BUREAU OF CUSTOMS Mable, Jim A. Big gains and challenges. {Despite globalization, the Bureau of Customs surpasses its revenue goals. But impediments lie on its way to helping fortify the economy. Philippines Free Press 2002 February 9 12
CALOOCAN CITY AND REYNALDO MALONZO Torre, Ricky S. Enter the mayor. {Despite his administration’s being one of the most troubled in local politics, Reynaldo malonzo has done much for Caloocan City.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 30 12
COCONUT LEVY FUND Nuguid, Nati. It’s public money. {Farmers win the coconut levy fund controversy, but it’s the government that will decide how to use the money.} Philippines Free Press 2001 December 29 8
COLLEGE ASSURANCE PLAN (CAP) Saspa, James P. Zen and the art of pre-need. {In then phenomenal success story of College Assurance Plan, crisis is an ally, diversity an advantage, and the intangible essential.} Philippines Free Press 2002 February 16 12
COMELEC AND AUTOMATION We’ll go modern if… {The automation of the 2004 election depends on the resolution of the infighting in the Comelec. Can the President do something?} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 30 10
COMELEC AND AUTOMATION Cruz, Anne Stephanie D. Let the deal go through. {A court finds against the Comelec on the Photokina deal, but the commissioners are divided on compliance.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 2 14
DOTC Saspa, James P. Reforms from the water up. {Transportation and Communication Secretary Pantaleon Alvarez applies his experience as a commuter and politician-technocrat to put order in a sector heavy with potential problems.} Philippines Free Press 2002 January 19 12
ESTRADA AND CORRUPTION TRIAL Nuguid, Nati. The actor. {Joseph Estrada forces a stalemate in his corruption trial, but the courts and the government refuse to follow his script.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 16 2
ESTRADA AND MEDICAL TREATMENT Cagurangan, mar-Vic. The OA factor.
{Everybody agrees that detained former president Estrada needs medical treatment for his ailing knees. What people can’t agree on is that he should seek treatment in the United States.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 2 12
ESTRADA AND TRIAL Cagurangan, Mar-Vic. Fair enough? {The Supreme Court creates a special court to try Joseph Estrada, but his lawyers-who keep complaining that their client has not been getting a fair shake-are still far from satisfied.} Philippines Free Press 2002 February 2 10
ESTRADA AND TRIAL Nuguid, Nati. The drama continues. {Joseph Estrada dares the courts to convict him without evidence, and draws a warning from the President. Remember what happened after last year’s May day riots?} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 23 2
ESTRADA AND TRIAL Nuguid, Nati. Erap superstar. {With the court pleading for his trust, Joseph Estrada may have relented. But is he really submitting himself to the court’s authority now?} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 30 2
FINANCE AND PEACE BONDS In bonds we trust? {The sale of the PEACE bonds in billions stirs up a controversy because it involves the finance secretary and a conglomerate whose head is his sister.} Philippines Free Press 2002 February 16 28
FINANCE AND PEACE BONDS Nuguid, Nati. The bonds that tie. {Finance secretary Jose Isidro Camacho’s survival in office depends on the outcome of congressional investigations into the PEACE bonds controversy.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 2 2
GARBAGE Legarda, Benito J. Jr. From glory to garbage. {The government plans to transform Quinawan, in Bataan, into a dump for Manila’s garbage. Have our officials lost their sense of history?} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 16 14
HISTORY; MASS AND LIMASAWA, CEBU Nuguid, Nati. Are we perpetuating a hoax? {Butuan refuses to give up its claim to being the site of the fist mass in the Philippines.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 9 20
ILL-GOTTEN WEALTH Cagurangan, Mar-Vic. What! What’s this? {Three Sandiganbayan justices reverse an earlier ruling that the $660 million recovered from five dummy foundations in Switzerland is ill-gotten wealth of the Marcoses.} Philippines Free Press 2002 February 16 26
IMPEACHMENT AND OMBUDSMAN Nuguid, Nati. Double whammy. {The ombudsman faces two complaints for impeachment but Moreno needs 72 votes to muster support.} Philippines Free Press 2002 February 9 2
KORAN Virgins or raisins? {Scholars dare to interpret the Koran.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 16 28
MAKATI AND JEJOMAR BINAY The city Binay changed. Philippines Free Press 2002 March 16 16
MAKATI AND JEJOMAR BINAY Torre, Ricky S. Man for progress. {Leader of the Philippines’s premier city for more than a decade, Jejomar Binay continues to dream big for Makati.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 9 16
MILF AND TERRORISM Torre, Ricky S. Enemy of the state? {Despite the peace talks, the MILF may now be on the government’s hit list.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 23 6
MINDANAO AND US FORCES Torre, Ricky S. A court matter. {The presence of US forces in Mindanao has become a legal dispute that could determine President Arroyo’s political future.} Philippines Free Press 2002 February 9 6
MISUARI, NUR Cagurangan, Mar-Vic. A dilemma called Misuari. {His presence here, it is feared, will incite his followers to more violence; but even in exile, he can still cause trouble.} Philippines Free Press 2001 December 29 16
MISUARI, NUR Quezon, Manuel L., III. His just deserts. {The government must stand firm and prosecute Nur Misuari.} Philippines Free Press 2002 January 19 10
MONEY LAUNDERING Cagurangan, Mar-Vic. Give it a chance. {Filipino finance and bank officials, seeking to have the country removed from the black list of a Paris-based task force, defend the Philippine law against money laundering as effective enough.}
IMPEACHMENT AND OMBUDSMAN Nuguid, Nati. Double whammy. {The ombudsman faces two complaints for impeachment but Moreno needs 72 votes to muster support.} Philippines Free Press 2002 February 9 26
IMPEACHMENT AND OMBUDSMAN Nuguid, Nati. Out for Ani’s head. {Intent on impeaching Ombudsman Aniano Desierto, a congressman questions the Hosue’s rules in the Supreme Court. Philippines Free Press 2002 February 16 2
PASIG CITY AND SOLEDAD EUSEBIO Success her own way. Philippines Free Press 2001 December 29 24
PEOPLE POWER Quezon, Manuel L., III. What makes for people power. {The popular uprisings of 1986 and 2001 are parallel events, but only the first one may be considered real people power.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 9 6
PNP Saspa, James P. The new crime-fighters. {Last year, the National Police celebrated its first decade with a display of unprecedented zeal in crushing big-time criminal syndicates. Now, better organized and enjoying ample executive and congressional support, it looks forward to a new decade of challenges.} Philippines Free Press 2002 February 2 12
SAN MIGUEL CORPORATION Nuguid, Nati. New brew. {The government drops its opposition to the San Miguel-Kirin deal but coconut farmers suspect there’s something else behind the arrangement.} Philippines Free Press 2002 January 19 6
SENATE PRESIDENCY Cagurangan, Mar-Vic. Thin majority. {Drilon hangs on to the senate presidency by the slimmest of margins which the opposition threatens to erase anytime.} DOTC Saspa, James P. Reforms from the water up. {Transportation and Communication Secretary Pantaleon Alvarez applies his experience as a commuter and politician-technocrat to put order in a secotr heavy with potential problems.} Philippines Free Press 2002 January 19 26
SPACE Lemonick, Michael D. Can we find another earth? {NASA is betting that we can, and a team of Princeton astronomers has a clever design for a telescope that could do it within 20 years.} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 2 24
WARS AND JAPANESE OCCUPATION Legarda, Benito J., Jr. Ordeal in Paco, 1945. {We celebrate the friendship between Japan and the Philippines, but who remembers the sack of Manila and the atrocities committed by the Japanese army here 57 years ago?} Philippines Free Press 2002 March 2 16
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More on "first mass" in the Philippines
Magellan didn't go to Limasawa. Or Butuan.
The place where Magellan’s fleet anchored and where an Easter mass was celebrated on March 31, 1521 was not Butuan. Or, Limasawa.
It was in the island-port named Mazaua. Being an island, it was surrounded by sea water.
There is an article at Wikipedia on Mazaua where all the properties of Mazaua–its location, size, kind of port, shape, the name of its king, its flora and fauna, distances from Homonhon to the port, latitude, etc. etc.–are explicitly defined. Click http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazaua.
A fairly comprehensive but not exhaustive historiography of the Mazaua issue is contained in an article published in the website of the Italian nuclear scientist and Italian translator of Dr. Jose Rizal, Dr. Vasco Caini, at http://www.xeniaeditrice.it. When the page opens scroll down to the article Mazaua.
The notion the March 31, 1521 mass was held at Butuan comes from the garbled account by Giovanni Battista Ramusio. It is such a corrupted translation of the original that the account is not Antonio Pigafetta’s at all. In this translation, which Henry Harrisse says is a plagiarism by Ramusio of an anonymously published book that saw print in 1534 (no one has seen this edition) and republished in 1536 (which is extant), Ramusio removed “Mazaua” and replaced it with Butuan.
The Butuan error stayed uncorrected for 266 years from 1534 or 1536 until 1800. The error was detected in a book containing the authentic Pigafetta narration of the Magellan voyage, edited by the ex-Augustinian polymath Carlo Amoretti.
But in correcting the error, Amoretti made a colossal blunder which was only detected in 1996 by the author. Amoretti in two footnotes surmised that Mazaua (his exact names for the island was Massana and Mazzana) MAY be the “Limassava” island in the 1734 map of the Philippines by French mapmaker Jacques N. Bellin. This map was an exact copy of the most famous map ever made in the Philippines by Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde, the edition of 1734.
Amoretti, by way of offering proof to support his assertion, states Limasawa and Mazaua are in the latitude given by Pigafett, 9 degrees and 40 minutes North. This is wrong on three points: 1) Limasawa’s latitude is 9 deg. 56 min. N; 2) There is no island at Pigafetta’s latitude; 3) There are two other readings of latitude for Mazaua, 9 degrees North by The Genoese Pilot which is supported by the Portuguese squadron leader, Antonio de Brito, who embargoed all objects found at the flagship Trinidad including a number of logbooks and other papers, and 9 deg. 20 min. North by Francisco Albo, the Greek mariner who piloted the Victoria back to Spain on Sept. 6, 1522.
The notion Combes’ Limasawa was Magellan’s Mazaua where the “first mass” was held is a false notion. Combes nowhere says his Limasawa is the port where the fleet moored on March 28-April 3, 1521. Nowhere does Combes say there was any mass held in his Limasawa or anywhere in the Philippines for that matter on March 31, 1521. To verify this, go to the English translation of the 3-paragraph story by Combes of Magellan’s sojourn in Philippine waters. Click http://books.google.com/books?id=NbG7kHtBma8C&pg=PA1&dq=First+mass+in+Limasawa&ei=6w27SZi7IoLKlQS8neDVAg#PPA4,M1. The original Spanish text may be accessed at http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;q1=Limasaua;rgn=full%20text;idno=ahz9273.0001.001;didno=ahz9273.0001.001;view=image;seq=00000134
Where then is Magellan’s port today? The answer may be found at the ff. Wikipedia articles:
1. First mass in the Philippines –http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_mass_in_the_Philippines
2. Carlo Amoretti — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Amoretti
3. Gines de Mafra — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gines_de_Mafra
4. Mazaua — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazaua
5. Francisco Combes — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Comb%C3%A9s
6. Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_de_Herrera_y_Tordesillas
7. Andres de San Martin — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn
8. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruy_Lopez_de_Villalobos
No serious scholar of Magellan historiography today still thinks Limasawa is Mazaua. Only the National Historical Institute and fanatic advocates (not scholars) of Amoretti’s Limasawa hypothesis still think the southern isle is or can be Mazaua.
Ironically, some writers from Butuan think in the same way as NHI itself. For what unexplained reason, it’s not clear.
The only remaining problem is whether the suspect isle of Pinamanculan-Bancasi is really Mazaua. This issue is not historiographical. It is archaeological, i.e., there is need to come up with artefacts directly traceable to Magellan, Gines de Mafra, and a number of other recorded visits by Europeans in the 16th century.
These artefacts cannot be produced by further historiographical conversation. It is only by digging that concrete evidence may be found.
VICENTE CALIBO DE JESUS
ginesdemafra@gmail.com
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